Rule of thirds
The basic theory behind the rule of third, is to imagine splitting the image into a grid, 3X3. These lines allow you to position the elements of the photo that are most important, near the lines and intersections of the grid. The idea is that an off-center composition is more pleasing to the eye and looks more natural than one where the subject is placed right in the middle of the frame, which also links with the composition of avoiding the middle. After knowing how to apply the rule of thirds, you can't start to break these rules which also produce very effective and sophisticated photos, by doing this you get a better understanding the rules themselves.
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Golden Ratio
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The Golden Ratio can assist in creating images that have a strong composition, which will attract viewers to your photograph, as we naturally prefer to look at an image that is balanced and harmonized, and the Golden Ratio provides this. This is because it occurs virtually everywhere in nature. When we are shooting, our eyes are naturally accustomed to seeing this proportion wherever we look. If in our compositions we break this natural ratio, the image will look uncomfortable, jarring our eyes.